一、什么是航空模型

1、 What is an aviation model

在国际航联制定的竞赛规则里明确规定“航模是一种重于空气的，有尺寸限制的，带有或不带有发动机的，不能载人的航空器，就叫航空模型（图1），是各种航空器模型的总称，它包括航空飞机和其他模型飞行器，简称为“航模”。

In the competition rules formulated by the International Aviation Federation, it is clearly stipulated that "aircraft models are heavier than air, have size limitations, with or without engines, and cannot carry passengers. They are called aviation models (Figure 1), which is a general term for various aircraft models, including aviation aircraft and other model aircraft, abbreviated as" aviation models ".

（1）飞机模型

(1) Aircraft model

一般认为不能飞行的，以某种飞机的实际尺寸按一定比例制作的模型叫飞机模型。

A model made in proportion to the actual size of a certain aircraft, which is generally believed to be unable to fly, is called an aircraft model.

（2）模型飞机

(2) Model aircraft

一般称能在空中飞行的模型为模型飞机，叫航空模型。

A model aircraft that can fly in the air is generally referred to as an aviation model.

二、航空模型的组成

2、 Composition of aviation models

航模飞机一般与载人的飞机一样，主要由机翼、尾翼、机身、起落架、发动机和控制系统六部分组成。

Model aircraft, like manned aircraft, are mainly composed of six parts: wings, tail, fuselage, landing gear, engine, and control system.

1、机翼―――是模型飞机在飞行时产生升力的装置，并能保持模型飞机飞行时的横侧稳定。

1. Wing - is a device that generates lift during flight of a model aircraft and can maintain lateral stability during flight.

怎样制作一架好的航空模型

How to make a good aviation model

2、尾翼―――包括水平尾翼和垂直尾翼两部分。水平尾翼可保持模型飞机飞行时的俯仰稳定，垂直尾翼保持模型飞机飞行时的方向稳定。水平尾翼上的升降舵能控制模型飞机的升降， 垂直尾翼上的方向舵可控制模型飞机的飞行方向。也有模型飞机使用V型尾翼，需要混合控制，一般航模遥控器都有此功能。两片向外倾斜的尾翼联合控制方向舵与升降舵。特殊的情况是机翼采用S翼型的无动力滑翔机，这类机只有垂直尾翼而没有水平尾翼。

2. Tail wing - includes two parts: horizontal tail wing and vertical tail wing. The horizontal tail can maintain the pitch stability of the model aircraft during flight, while the vertical tail can maintain the directional stability of the model aircraft during flight. The elevator on the horizontal tail can control the lifting of the model aircraft, while the rudder on the vertical tail can control the flight direction of the model aircraft. There are also model aircraft that use V-shaped tail fins and require hybrid control, which is usually available on the model aircraft remote control. Two outward sloping tail fins jointly control the rudder and elevator. The special case is an unpowered glider with an S-shaped wing, which has only a vertical tail and no horizontal tail.

3、机身―――将模型的各部分联结成一个整体的主干部分叫机身。同时机身内可以装载必要的控制机件，设备和燃料等。

3. The main body, which connects the various parts of the model into a whole, is called the fuselage. At the same time, the fuselage can be loaded with necessary control components, equipment, and fuel.

4、起落架―――供模型飞机起飞、着陆和停放的装置。机头一个起落架，机翼下方两面各一个起落架叫前三点式, 机头两个起落架，尾部一个起落架叫后三点式。

4. Landing gear - a device used for takeoff, landing, and parking of model aircraft. There is one landing gear at the nose and one landing gear on each side below the wings, which is called the front three-point landing gear. There are two landing gears at the nose and one landing gear at the tail, which is called the rear three-point landing gear.

5、发动机―――它是模型飞机产生飞行动力的装置。模型飞机常用的动 力装置有：橡筋束、活塞式发动机、涡轮喷气式发动机、电动机。

5. Engine - It is a device that generates flight power for a model aircraft. The commonly used power devices for model aircraft include rubber bands, piston engines, turbojet engines, and electric motors.

6、太阳能板及各类电池也可作为模型飞机的动力来源。

6. Solar panels and various types of batteries can also serve as power sources for model aircraft.

7、控制系统―――控制系统主要用来控制模型的空中机动，包括起飞降落转向等。分为发射机（及所说的遥控器）和接收机（在飞机上与各电子设备连接）。高级航模可以用于数据回传，例如温度传感，空速表，高度计，升降率计，gps，FPV等。

7. Control System - The control system is mainly used to control the aerial maneuvers of the model, including takeoff, landing, and turning. It is divided into a transmitter (and the remote control) and a receiver (connected to various electronic devices on the aircraft). Advanced aircraft models can be used for data retrieval, such as temperature sensing, airspeed meters, altimeters, lift meters, GPS, FPV, etc.